LA COLONIE BELGE DANS LE GANSU
AVANT LA REVOLUTON
THE COLONY IN THE BELGIAN GANSU
BEFORE THE REVOLUTON
(1906-1911)
Mannerheim en 1908
C.G. MANNERHEIM
"ACROSS ASIA FROM WEST TO EAST IN 1906-1908"
Helsinki 1940
Mannerheim, officier russe issu de l’aristocratie suédoise, entrepris une immense tournée d’inspection en Chine, un périple de milliers de km. Il décrit ce qu’il observe parfois avec beaucoup de détails et c’est ce qui le rend intéressant. Il possède la mentalité des européens de son époque et juge parfois les gens de manière un peu hautaine. Sa mission était d’ordre ethnographique mais n’hésitait pas à décrire des fortifications et recensait l’armement. Il nous a laissé quelques pages concernant les belges établis au Gansu à l’époque où la colonie belge venait de s’installer.
Mannerheim, a Russian officer from the Swedish aristocracy, started a huge tour of inspection in China, a journey of thousands of km. He describes what he sees sometimes in great detail and that's what makes it interesting. He has the mentality of Europeans of his time and sometimes judge people so a little haughty. Its mission was to ethnographic but did not hesitate to describe the fortifications and identified the weapons.We left a few pages on the Belgian established in Gansu at a time when the Belgian colony had settled.
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(Mannerheim is in Suzhou, talks taxes, salaries, Customs) Page 431 …… The duty levied on Russian goods annually is said to amount to about 1.500 lan in silver. All duty is levied in silver. This duty is called “shui tchy”. The late Mr Splingart, a Belgian in the Chinese service who was well know to European explorers in the interior of China, was for many years in charge of the customhouse at Suchow. His salary was 12.000 or 16.000 lan, whereas the whole revenue from duty is said to have amounted to not more than 3.000-4.000 lan……… Page 434 (Mannerheim speaks now of Lanzhou and Belgian) Among other signs of reform it should be mentioned that European goods and factories are becoming more and more popular among the inhabitants. Japanese goods are said to have increased considerably in quantity since the war. At Lanchow, it is said, there is an obvious determination to improve the industry of the country without the help of Europeans. Germans, who had run a cloth factory there for many years, have had to surrender the management to Chinese. For a few months this experiment succeeded, but now the factory is at a standstill. No more concessions are granted to Europeans. At present there are said to be two Belgian in Lanchow, a chemist and some kind of foreman with a certain amount of education. They are there to help the Chinese authorities to establish new enterprises. By order of the governor, maps are said to be have been made in all the districts of the province. The Taotai in Lanchow is said to be the heart and soul of this Europeanising movement. However, there seem to be a good many difficulties to be overcome……. Page 513 (Mannerheim was in Lanzhou) …….. The hospitable house of the Belgian Rob.Geerst is the centre of the European community in Lanchow. He was appointed about a year ago as a chemist and lives here with his sister, Miss Geerts, and a nephew, a boy of 12, very advanced for his age, who is full of pranks and looks very amusing in his Chinese dress. Soon after my arrival I was invited to dine at the Geerts, where I met some of the European residents. There were about a dozen people present. It was a pleasant change from my monotonous existence to see a properly laid table, champagne and other delicacies and evening dress. Page 514 ……..The man who aroused my admiration by wearing the latter was M. Alphonse Splingerdt, the Chinese interpreter to the Belgian Embassy in Peiping, at present on leave at Lanchow, where he is a “grand faiseur”, a kind of factotum to the Viceroy and particularly to the Taotaï. He is the son of a very well-known Belgian, who died at Hing-anfu a couple of years ago. He came to China as a servant of one of the Belgian missionaries and was subsequently taken into the Chinese service, where he did so well that at the time of his death he was a mandarin with a red knob. He must have had some interesting adventures during his chequered career. Many European explorers were entertained in his hospitable yamen and had referred with gratitude to this interesting man, who murdered all languages with equal assurance. Full of good-nature and “joie de vivre” in success as in failure, he had led a busy life and left behind him a little swarm of 22 children, for whom he had apparently been unable to provide much beyond a careful upbringing according to Chinese standards. One of them was M. Alphonse, who, though he may not enjoy the same measure of success in life as his father, has certainly inherited his ignorance and self-assurance. He makes commercial and technical calculations for the Chinese in practically any sphere with the same air of conviction as he sits in a drawing-room and murders French, English, German or almost any European language. Geerts, who has to make extensive investigations before he can tell them what lies hidden in the mountains, seems like a child to the Chinese compared with Splingerdt, who can say, at a distance of dozen of miles, what percentage of mineral wealth they contain. It is hard to imagine that such “bluffing” should succeed for any length of time, but after all this is China. Among the other guest were Herr Delo, the youthful representative of a German firm in Eastern China which had undertaken to build a steel bridge over the Hwang ho, and an American engineer connected with the construction, Goldmann, who remained stubbornly silent in all languages. In addition to these representative of European and American culture there is a small group of Belgian who form a community of their own. Thasbart, a foreman, Coutellier, an ex-soldier, and Scalier, a soldier still in active service, with his wife, formerly a governess. They are employed as foreman at the work and mines that are under construction. To anyone coming, as I did, from the west, Lanchow is of interest….. Page 532
March 12 th, Lanchow
Through suffering from a cold after several hours mapping on a cold and windy day on the spurs of the hills near the town, I was preparing to continue my journey on the 8!th when an invitation to dine with the Viceroy forced me to postpone it again to the 11 th or 12 th. The European colony, or rather, its Belgian representatives were being entertained to dinner and I was the share the honour. A long table had been laid in European fashion for 18 people in a temple built in honour of the former celebrated viceroy of Kan Su, Tsuo gung pao, close to the southern gate of the fortress. The room, decorated with carpets and lanterns, looked very fine. Two rows of columns supported the roof. The back wall was semicircular and in front of the large window there was a semicircular dais, on which small, low tables, separated by a row of red cushions and wolf skins, marked the seats. They were continued by stiff-backed chairs with red cushions standing in two rows facing each other towards the entrance. The wall by entrance was taken up by a stage, beautifully decorated with screens, lanterns and carpets. The side walls behind the rows of columns consisted entirely of windows. Beside our small number of Europeans all the higher mandarins from the Toatai downwards had been invited. The Viceroy arrived a few minutes after everyone had assembled and was greeted with a salute of guns. With his waddling, but easy gait he passed along the row of mandarins towards us and only after shaking hands with each of us he turned with a polite “tching ngan” curtsey to the deeply curtsying mandarins. I was given the seat of honour with Geerts next to me. Splingerdt was seated on the other side of Shen and van Dijk next to him. Thanks to Splingerdt’s unusual gifts as an interpreter it was very easy for us to converse. The Taotai sat opposite the Viceroy at the other end of the table. His immediate neighbours were Goldmann, Thasbart, Scalier and Coutellier. The dinner consisted mainly of European dishes and been prepared by Geert’s cook. The wines were supplied by Splingerdt and the tablecloths, crockery etc, by both. It is curious that there is no question of payment for these things. Shen was very talkative, but his conversation consisted chiefly of asking questions and listening attentively to the replies of others………… (NDLD: the meal lasted 5 hours during which, at any time, Shen said no bridge seems he, whose work would begin.) |
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Christian Goens - La Louvière - Belgium - novembre 2009 - tous droits réservés
2-jul-17